Kashmir ( IPA: [kaʃmiːr] ) is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent . Until the mid-19th century, the term "Kashmir" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range . Today, the term encompasses a larger area that includes the Indian-administered territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh , the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan , and the Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract . [1] [2] [3] In 1820 the Sikh Empire , under Ranjit Singh , annexed Kashmir. [4] In 1846, after the Sikh defeat in the First Anglo-Sikh War , and upon the purchase of the region from the British under the Treaty of Amritsar , the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh , became the new ruler of Kashmir. The rule of his descendants, und...
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